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Osteoarthritis is considered as a degenerative joint disease. It seems to be related to wear and tear put on joints over a long period. Osteoarthritis is mostly related to joints which are weight bearing such as knees, hips and spines. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis.

In normal joints ends of bones are covered by cartilage, which is a firm, rubbery and flexible material. Cartilage covering prevents the bones to rub against each other directly and allows joint to do its work smoothly.

Ligaments, which act as elastic bonds, keep the bones in place. Synovial fluid lubricates the joints and nourishes the cartilage.

When the cartilage loses its elasticity it becomes stiff and gradually its condition deteriorates. Cartilage may wear away in some areas. When the cartilage becomes damaged, ligaments and tendons become stretched.  The damaged cartilage no longer acts as shock absorber. Due to loss of cartilage cushion the bones rub against each other directly causing severe pain.

Symptoms of Osteoarthritis:

1) Joint stiffness and joint pain – Joint may be stiff. Pain in joint may be felt with least movement. In the morning joint stiffness may last for thirty minutes. It may improve with movement.
2) Joint symptoms worsen after exercise. Increase in joint pain in cold or damp weather.
3) Loss of flexibility and limited mobility of joints.
4) Joint pain worsens after a period of inactivity.
5) Joint Swelling (effusion).

Author: Surya Narayan Bhattacharya